Adrian Otto

Chief of Research at Rackspace Hosting, Inc



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Article: Writing Code that Scales
The web is huge, and it's getting bigger every single day. If you're writing a web scale application that will reach millions of end users, you may need to think carefully about how you write that application so that it will work properly under the demanding workloads the web can produce. Here are five concepts to consider when coding, and some tips to help you fulfill these concepts.


Article: Coding in the Cloud: Rule 6 - HTTP Includes
This continues my series on Rules for Coding in the Cloud. These are rules I’ve developed after watching applications encounter problems at scale when deployed on Cloud Sites.


Article: Coding in the Cloud: Rule 5 - CMS Plugins
This continues my series on Rules for Coding in the Cloud. These are rules I’ve developed after watching applications encounter problems at scale when deployed on Cloud Sites.


Article: Coding in the Cloud: Rule 4 - Avoid Unnecessary external Dependencies
This continues my series, Rules for Coding in the Cloud – rules I’ve developed after watching applications encounter problems at scale when deployed on Cloud Sites.


Article: Setting up memcached on Cloud Sites
This tutorial explains how to access a memcached server running on (one or more) Cloud Servers from Cloud Sites. Using this approach you can leverage all of the features of the Cloud Sites application platform, and all its related scalability while still enjoying the benefits of memcached at the same time.


Article: Setting up memcached on Cloud Servers
This tutorial explains how to set up memcached for RHEL5 or CentOS5 on Cloud Servers. Although the example is provided for PHP, you can access a memcached server from practically any language using one of the memcached Client APIs.


Article: memcached: More Cache = Less Cash
Money Matters. Performance and Scalability matter too. If you write your web application to be highly efficient and scalable, you will save money when you run it on the cloud. Your web site visitors will be delighted and so will your bank account. Here is an overview of memcached and how it works.


Article: Coding in the Cloud: Rule 3 - Use a Stateless design whenever possible
This continues my series on Rules for Coding in the Cloud, rules I’ve developed after watching applications encounter problems at scale when deployed on Cloud Sites.


Article: Coding in the Cloud: Rule 2 - Don't Write to the Database in Real Time
This continues my series on Rules for Coding in the Cloud, rules I’ve developed after watching applications encounter problems at scale when deployed on Cloud Sites.


Article: Coding in the Cloud: Rule 1 - Cache is Your Friend
This post kicks off a series on rules for coding in the cloud. I’ve taken some notes – mainly from observing applications fail repeatedly. And what do I mean by failing? The trouble usually comes in one of three forms: Not scaling as traffic comes in. Site fails to function under high load, resulting in complete failure. Getting a huge, unexpected bill for overages.


Adrian Otto's Blog
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  • Maximizing Elasticity in the Cloud
  • October 20 2011
    Running a production application in the cloud can be great because it’s possible to add and remove servers from a cluster dynamically using a provisioning API. These automatic additions and removals can be triggered by system utilization levels that you measure, such as concurrent network connections, memory utilization, or CPU utilization. When you need more [...] ...
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  • Better Luhn Formula CC Validator for PHP
  • October 06 2011
    I was doing some work integrating with a payment gateway in a PHP application, and decided it would be a good idea to validate credit card numbers using a Luhn Algorithm formula prior to forwarding them to the payment gateway for processing. I looked for existing PHP ones, and found a few. The more I [...] ...
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  • I’m Paranoid, just like you!
  • October 06 2011
    By: Adrian Otto Over the years I’ve administered email systems that provided service to thousands of end user’s mailboxes. In the early years in the 1990’s most woes of a mail system administrator were about how to instrument the setting up of email accounts and related client settings, and changing passwords when they were forgotten [...] ...
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  • What is a Cloud Platform?
  • February 18 2011
    Definition of Cloud Platform: A system where software applications may be run in an environment composed of utility cloud services in a logically abstract environment. Definition of PaaS: Platform as a Service. A Cloud Platform offered by a service provider as a hosted service which facilitates the deployment of software applications without the cost and [...] ...
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  • One Step Closer to Ideal
  • February 04 2011
    Rackspace announced today that they are no longer charging per-request fees for access to their data on the Cloud Files service. This is good news for those of you who want to closely integrate an application with a cloud storage service. The leasing service in this space is Amazon’s S3 which has a rather convoluted [...] ...
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  • Congestion, Convoy Effect, and Thundering Herd
  • January 27 2011
    When you have a limited supply of some resource, and a demand for that resource that exceeds the supply, you have something economists call a shortage. In this article I explain how we deal with shortages of resources (called congestion) in software systems. In economics we learn about the concept of Supply and Demand. Simply [...] ...
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  • Safe Investing with Banks?
  • January 10 2011
    This morning, I found a web site highlighted by Refdesk, my favorite reference web site. The link was: FDIC: Failed Bank List The FDIC is often appointed as receiver for failed banks. This page contains useful information for the customers and vendors of these banks. This includes information on the acquiring bank (if applicable), how [...] ...
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  • Drizzle Lines of Code vs. MySQL
  • October 13 2010
    In my recent post about Drizzle I suggested that because Drizzle has fewer lines of code (less than half compared to MySQL) that is has a lower intrinsic risk of software defects. Of course it has bugs of its own, but because Drizzle is focused squarely on OLTP use cases, it can be substantially smaller [...] ...
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  • Drizzle is now BETA
  • September 29 2010
    Today Drizzle enters BETA. Drizzle is an evolution of MySQL that’s been simplified, streamlined, and modernized. This long awaited database started from an idea in 2005 to fork MySQL, keep the good parts, and rip out or replace all the stuff that’s not good for web applications. This idea has been endorsed by large corporate [...] ...
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